- Diseases diagnosed definitively
- Recurrent/multiple bacterial infections in child <13>
- Coccidiomycosis – disseminated
- HIV encephalopathy
- Histoplasmosis – disseminated
- Isosporiasis with diarrhoea persisting >1 month
- Kaposi’s sarcoma at any age
- Primary cerebral lymphoma at any age
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: diffuse, undifferentiated B cell type, or unknown phenotype
- Any disseminated mycobacterial disease other than M. tuberculosis
- Mycobacterial tuberculosis at any site
- Salmonella septicaemia: recurrent
- HIV wasting syndrome
- Recurrent pneumonia within 1 year
- Invasive cervical cancer
- Diseases diagnosed presumptively
- Candidiasis: oesophagus
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis with visual loss
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Mycobacterial disease (acid-fast bacilli; species not identified by culture): disseminated
- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Showing posts with label Development of the Epidemic. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Development of the Epidemic. Show all posts
AIDS-defining conditions with laboratory evidence of HIV
Labels:
Development of the Epidemic
AIDS-defining conditions without laboratory evidence of HIV
Labels:
Development of the Epidemic
- Diseases diagnosed definitively
- Candidiasis: oesophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs
- Cryptococcosis: extrapulmonary
- Cryptosporidiosis with diarrhoea persisting >1 month
- Cytomegalovirus disease other than in liver, spleen, nodes
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection
- mucocutaneous ulceration lasting >1 month
- pulmonary, oesophageal involvement
- Kaposi’s sarcoma in patient <60>
- Primary cerebral lymphoma in patient <60>
- Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in child <13>
- Mycobacterium avium: disseminated
- Mycobacterium kansasii: disseminated
- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Early history of the epidemic
Labels:
Development of the Epidemic
1981 Cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in the USA
1983 Discovery of the virus. First cases of AIDS in the UK
1984 Development of antibody test
1983 Discovery of the virus. First cases of AIDS in the UK
1984 Development of antibody test
Development of the Epidemic
Labels:
Development of the Epidemic
The first recognised cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurred in the summer of 1981 in America. Reports began to appear of Pneumocystis carinii neumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in young men, who it was subsequently realised were both omosexual and immunocompromised. Even though the condition became known early on as AIDS, its cause and modes of transmission were not immediately obvious. The virus now known to cause AIDS in a proportion of those infected was discovered in 1983 and given various names. The internationally accepted term is now the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Subsequently a new variant has been isolated in patients with West African connections –HIV-2.
The definition of AIDS has changed over the years as a result of an increasing appreciation of the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of infection with HIV. Currently, AIDS is defined as an illness characterised by one or more indicator diseases. In the absence of another cause of immune deficiency and without laboratory evidence of HIV infection (if the patient has not been tested or the results are inconclusive), certain diseases when definitively diagnosed are indicative of AIDS. Also, regardless of the presence of other causes of immune deficiency, if there is laboratory evidence of HIV infection, other indicator diseases that require a definitive, or in some cases only a presumptive, diagnosis also constitute a diagnosis of AIDS.
In 1993 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the USA extended the definition of AIDS to include all persons who are severely immunosuppressed irrespective of the presence or absence of an indicator disease. For surveillance purposes this definition has not been accepted within the UK and Europe. In these countries AIDS continues to be a clinical diagnosis defined by one or more of the indicator diseases mentioned. The World Health Organisation (WHO) also uses this clinically based definition for surveillance within developed countries. WHO, however, has developed an alternative case definition for use in sub-Saharan Africa . This is based on clinical signs and does not require laboratory onfirmation of infection. Subsequently this definition has been modified to include a positive test for HIV antibody.
The definition of AIDS has changed over the years as a result of an increasing appreciation of the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of infection with HIV. Currently, AIDS is defined as an illness characterised by one or more indicator diseases. In the absence of another cause of immune deficiency and without laboratory evidence of HIV infection (if the patient has not been tested or the results are inconclusive), certain diseases when definitively diagnosed are indicative of AIDS. Also, regardless of the presence of other causes of immune deficiency, if there is laboratory evidence of HIV infection, other indicator diseases that require a definitive, or in some cases only a presumptive, diagnosis also constitute a diagnosis of AIDS.
In 1993 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the USA extended the definition of AIDS to include all persons who are severely immunosuppressed irrespective of the presence or absence of an indicator disease. For surveillance purposes this definition has not been accepted within the UK and Europe. In these countries AIDS continues to be a clinical diagnosis defined by one or more of the indicator diseases mentioned. The World Health Organisation (WHO) also uses this clinically based definition for surveillance within developed countries. WHO, however, has developed an alternative case definition for use in sub-Saharan Africa . This is based on clinical signs and does not require laboratory onfirmation of infection. Subsequently this definition has been modified to include a positive test for HIV antibody.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)